Wine Yeast, Malolactic Bacteria & Additives

This product replaces our TAN150 - Tannin Galalcool Enological tannins offer the winemaker, cider maker, or mead maker the possibility to add refined, highly-bindable tannin at any stage during the process. Benefits can include increased structure and mouthfeel, color stabilization, stability, anti-oxidative qualities, and overall complexity. Tannins can reduce vegetal/herbaceous characteristics and perceived astringency. We offer four types of oenolgical tannins, two for use during fermentation, and two for use during the aging phase. Protection & Improved Structure! Designed for white/rose wine fermentations (including fruit wines, ciders, and mead), Scott'Tan FT Blanc Soft is a specially formulated, colorless tannin derived from Gall Nuts. When used at the beginning of the fermentation, FT Blanc Soft helps provide protection from oxidation so more of the wines delicate aromas and flavors are preserved. In addition, FT Blanc Soft's continual bonding going on throughout the fermentation improves mouthfeel and help significantly reduce or eliminate vegetal/herbaceous characters and bitterness. FT Blanc Soft imparts a perception of sweetness without contributing any sugars, along with a low-level, beneficial minerality. Note: FT Blanc Soft can also be used as an ageing tannin post-fermentation as well! To Use Add directly to the grapes at the crusher or to the juice/wine. Mix thoroughly to ensure homogenization. Note: If using FT Blanc Soft as an aging tannin, final addition should be made 3-6 weeks before bottling to allow for complete polymerization and settling. Recommended dosage rate: 0.2-0.6 g/gal (5-15 g/hL) A rough approximate of weight is 1 tsp = 2.3 grams. We highly recommend using a scale to weigh the product for an accurate dose. We do not recommend relying on these rough conversions for accurate dosage rates.

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Enoferm Beta can positively contribute to the sensory profile of the wine, by enhancing spicy and red fruit aromas Delected due to it's good performance under difficult wine conditions and positive sensory contribution Able to induce MLF at temperatures as low as 55°F Lallemand Oenology specializes in the development, production, and marketing of top-grade yeast and bacteria Enoferm Beta is a single strain of Oenococcus oeni (ex Leuconostoc oenos), isolated from a Cabernet Sauvignon wine from Abbruzzi. It was selected due to it's good performance under difficult wine conditions, positive sensory contribution, and security from its low use of sugars and very low volatile acid as well as biogenic amines production. In winery trials, Enoferm Beta was able to induce MLF at temperatures as low as 55°F. Most direct inoculum preparations have difficulty completing MLF unless temperatures > 64°F, while Enoferm Beta can be used in wines with temperatures > 57°F. For more information about ML Bacteria, please see MoreWine!'s Guide to Malolactic Fermentation. 2.5 g: good for 66 gallons 25 g: good for 660 gallons Alcohol tolerance: <15% v/v. SO2 tolerance: <60 ppm pH: >3.2 Temperature: >57°F Different lactic acid bacteria strains do have an impact on the flavor profile of wine, Enoferm Beta can positively contribute to the sensory profile of the wine, by enhancing spicy and red fruit aromas, low diacetyl production, better structure and body,and less astringency and bitterness. You can't store malolactic bacteria once the package has been opened. Note: Malolactic bacteria added during the ferment will compete with the yeast for nutrients and are atagonistic to yeast, potentially resulting in higher VA levels. The best time to add an ML culture is after racking off the gross lees.

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ICV-D80 was isolated by Dominique Delteil of the ICV in 1992 from the Cote Rotie area of the Rhone Valley. In addition to its' ability to enhance tannin structure, it's know for being able to ferment musts high in sugar and polyphenols. With proper nutrition, aeration and fermentation temperatures below 82 degrees F, ICV-D80 will ferment up to 16% alcohol. ICV-D80 brings high fore-mouth volume, big mid-palate mouthfeel and intense fine grain tannin to reds. It is one of the best strains for contributing big tannin volume in a blend. ICV-D80 is characterized by concentrated, dark fruit, smoke and a licorice finish. When blended with wines fermented with ICV-D254 or Syrah, wines fermented with ICV-D80 bring more tannin intensity to the blend. In short, this yeast is truly great for the structural support it can bring to a wine. However, if the winemaker is looking for highlighted fruit and ethereal top-notes as well, it often may not be the best choice when using a single strain in the vintage. Therefore, it may help to think of it as usually needing a companion strain to help bring everything to a finished wine. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Yeast and Grape Pairing Guide.

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Syrah is the perfect choice for winemakers aiming to craft powerful, structured red wines with bold fruit expression and deep color stability Whether perfecting a Syrah/Shiraz, boosting the intensity of Cabernet Sauvignon, or refining a GSM blend, Syrah Yeast delivers exceptional flavor, structure, and age-worthiness in every batch Bold structure and intense aromatics for rich, full-bodied reds Syrah is a specialized wine yeast strain meticulously selected to bring out the bold structure and vibrant aromatics characteristic of Syrah and other robust red wines. Renowned for its ability to enhance color stability, deepen tannin integration, and highlight dark fruit notes, Syrah Yeast is the ideal choice for crafting powerful, age-worthy wines. Its controlled fermentation kinetics ensure balanced attenuation, minimizing off-flavors while preserving the wine’s natural complexity. Enhanced Color Stability: Promotes deep anthocyanin extraction for rich, lasting color. Tannin Development: Integrates structured tannins for a smooth, full-bodied mouthfeel. Alcohol Tolerance: Effective up to 16% ABV, supporting the creation of high-alcohol red wines. Temperature Range: Optimally ferments between 64°F (18°C) and 86°F (30°C), allowing for full expression of bold flavors. High Flocculation: Contributes to clarity and stability post-fermentation. Low SO₂ Production: Preserves fruit purity and aromatic intensity. Applications Syrah/Shiraz: Elevates bold black fruit flavors, peppery spice, and deep color. Cabernet Sauvignon: Enhances structure and tannin integration for age-worthy complexity. Grenache: Promotes ripe berry notes with smooth tannins. Malbec: Boosts dark fruit intensity and earthy undertones. Blended Reds: Perfect for GSM (Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre) blends, enhancing body and color. Flavor Profile  Dark Fruits: Prominent expressions of blackberry, plum, and dark cherry. Spice and Earthiness: Accentuates hints of black pepper, leather, and subtle tobacco. Full-Bodied Mouthfeel: Enhances the structure and richness of the wine. Aging Potential: Supports long-term aging, improving depth and complexity with time. Usage  Rehydration: Rehydrate in 10 times its weight of chlorine-free water at 95°F (35°C) for 15–20 minutes. Stir gently to prevent clumping. Pitch Rate: Use 1–1.5 grams per gallon (0.25–0.4 grams per liter) for optimal fermentation and tannin development. Nutrient Addition: Supplement with yeast nutrients, particularly in high-sugar musts, to ensure complete fermentation. Fermentation Temperature: Maintain between 64°F and 86°F for optimal color extraction and structured tannin formation. Extended Maceration: Ideal for long fermentations to deepen color and enhance tannin complexity. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Yeast and Grape Pairing Guide.

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MT was selected in Saint Emilion by the ITV Bordeaux and Martin Vialatte Oenologie in collaboration with the INRA Montpellier for its' ability to enhance varietal fruit and floral aromas, along with strawberry jam, caramel, and spice notes. Although highly recommended for Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon, MT also does well in most red programs where a "soft, fresh bowl of berries" element is needed/desired either by itself or as part of a blend. Wines made with MT show good colour stability along with enhanced tannic structure and rich mouthfeel, making MT an ideal compliment to winemaking styles destined for aging. Although MT's fermentation kinetics are steady and its' alcohol tolerance is fairly high, it will still benefit from a balanced nutrient strategy, especially in musts with low available nitrogen and a high potential alcohol. Best results from 59 to 90 degrees F, with an alcohol tolerance to 15%. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Yeast and Grape Pairing Guide.

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BM 4x4 is a new yeast blend created by Lallemand, designed to provide all of the benefits and flavors of the BM45 yeast strain, along with a much more reliable and consistent fermentation. This means that you'll be getting all of the flavors of jam, rose petals, and cherry liquor with a stronger fermentation with less risk of a stuck or sluggish fermentation. This is a blend between the traditional BM45 and a complimentary strain, chosen for its fermentation kinetics. Positive interaction between these strains means a more dependable fermentation, along with increased aromatic intensity, color intensity, and length of finish. Ideal fermentation temperature is between 64-82°F. This strain will enhance varietal character, and mouthfeel in a wine. Alcohol tolerance is 15%. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Yeast and Grape Pairing Guide.

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Used primarily in sanitizing solutions to lower pH, therefore making the SO2 solution more effective. Use 1 tbsp per gallon along with 1 tbsp meta per gallon. Citric is not added directly to must prior to either primary or ml fermentation as its metabolism can lead to volatile acidity. A rough approximate of weight is 1 tsp = 4 grams. We highly recommend using a scale to weigh the product for an accurate dose. We do not recommend relying on these rough conversions for accurate dosage rates.  Domestically produced in the USA. 

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Lalvin RC212 is the premier choice for winemakers looking to produce structured, full-bodied red wines with exceptional color and aromatic depth Whether perfecting a classic Burgundy-style Pinot Noir, crafting a bold Merlot, or refining a smooth Gamay, RC212 consistently delivers elegance, balance, and rich complexity Provides enhanced structure and color in Pinot Noir Lalvin RC212 is a renowned wine yeast strain, originally selected from the Burgundy region of France by the Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB). It is specifically chosen for its ability to enhance color stability, tannin structure, and aromatic complexity in red wines, particularly Pinot Noir. RC212 promotes the development of ripe berry, bright fruit, and spicy characteristics, making it ideal for crafting robust, age-worthy red wines. Enhanced Color Stability: RC212 promotes deep anthocyanin extraction and color intensity in red wines, protecting color due to low absorbance rates onto yeast cell walls. Rich Tannin Structure: Supports smooth, well-integrated tannins that age gracefully. Alcohol Tolerance: Effective up to 16% ABV, allowing for complete fermentation in high-sugar musts. Attenuation Rate: Typically achieves 85–90% attenuation, ensuring a full, structured finish. Temperature Range: Performs optimally between 64°F (18°C) and 86°F (30°C), perfect for developing rich, full-bodied reds. Medium Flocculation: Settles well post-fermentation, contributing to clarity and stability. Applications: Pinot Noir: Perfectly suited for Burgundy-style Pinot Noir, enhancing its delicate fruit and silky tannins. Merlot & Cabernet Franc: Boosts structure and body, delivering rich fruit and spice. Gamay: Highlights fresh berry notes while enhancing tannin integration. Blended Reds: Suitable for Bordeaux blends and GSM (Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre), bringing forward lush fruit and balance. Flavor Profile: Dark Fruits: Prominent expressions of black cherry, plum, and raspberry. Spice & Earthiness: Subtle hints of cinnamon, clove, and forest floor. Silky Mouthfeel: Enhances the smoothness and roundness of the palate. Aging Potential: Promotes tannin development for wines that improve with time. Usage: Rehydration: Rehydrate in 10 times its weight of chlorine-free water at 95°F (35°C) for 15–20 minutes. Stir gently to prevent clumping. Pitch Rate: Use 1–1.5 grams per gallon (0.25–0.4 grams per liter) for optimal fermentation and color development. Nutrient Addition: Supplement with yeast nutrient to optimize fermentation strength, particularly in high-Brix musts. Fermentation Temperature: Maintain between 64°F and 86°F to optimize color extraction and tannin structure. Extended Maceration: Ideal for long maceration periods to deepen color and enhance tannin complexity. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Yeast and Grape Pairing Guide.

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For easy-to-drink Rhone style wines. This versatile strain is suitable for reds, roses and whites. In red wines, it contributes up front fruit to easy-to-drink Rhone style wines, often with a nice spicy quality if present in the fruit. ICV-GRE can also be effectively used with short skin contact regimes (3 to 5 days) to reduce vegetal and undesirable sulfur components in varietals like Merlot, Cabernet, Grenache and Syrah. In addition to bringing fresh, ripe fruit qualities, ICV-GRE also helps to enhance the mouthfeel of a wine. While it may not be a powerhouse in itself, this yeast truly excels at being able to keep a red wine blend from potentially becoming too heavy and pedestrian. When used in fruit focused whites like Chenin blanc, Riesling, and Viognier, ICV-GRE results in stable fresh fruit characteristics and delivers a big fore-mouth impact. Alcohol tolerant to 15%, best results from 59 to 82 degrees F. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Yeast and Grape Pairing Guide.

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BA11 was selected in 1997 near Estacao Vitivinicola de Barraida in Portugal. It has excellent fermentation kinetics, even at low temperatures. It promotes clean, aromatic, estery characteristics during fermentation. BA11 intensifies mouthfeel and augments lingering flavors in both still and sparkling white wines. BA11 encourages the fresh fruit aromas of orange blossom, pineapple and apricot. In relatively neutral white varieties BA11 brings out tropical fruit, cream, vanilla and spice. With fruit from hot climates, BA11 can really help to "flesh out" a wine by its' volume and mouthfeel enhancement. This strain is good by itself, as well as being a great structural component to a blend. Best results from 50 to 77 degrees F, and alcohol tolerant to 16%. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Yeast and Grape Pairing Guide.

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Due to high demand, the 500 g is currently out of stock. Be the first to receive your items by placing a pre-order today. We will automatically ship this to you when we receive more inventory.   Rhone 4600 is a Cote du Rhone isolate that has a short lag phase, low nutrient demand, and has the ability to ferment well at low temperatures. Due to its' high level of polysaccharide production, Rhone 4600 contributes intense mouthfeel and volume to a finished wine. In addition, Rhone 4600 helps create complex aromatic notes along with a high degree of ester production. In whites like Viognier, Marsanne, Roussane, and Chardonnay there is an emphases on pineapple, pear, and apple. When used in Roses made from Mouvedre, Grenache and Syrah, intense, elegant, fresh strawberry becomes the focus. While Rhone 4600 is good for white wine production, it is an excellent yeast for making Roses either by itself or as part of a blend. Best results from 56 to 72 degrees F, with an alcohol tolerance to 15%. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Yeast and Grape Pairing Guide.

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Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). A source of nitrogen for yeast. Use .5 - .75 grams per gallon (1/2 tsp per 5 gallons) of must to aid yeast and help reduce later problems with hydrogen sulfide. There is a superior nutrient regimen (using Go-Ferm and Fermaid K) for wine making: Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast and a recommended nutrient addition. A rough approximate of weight is 1 tsp = 3.1 grams. We highly recommend using a scale to weigh the product for an accurate dose. We do not recommend relying on these rough conversions for accurate dosage rates.

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Enhances clarification and static settling of white and rosé musts under extreme conditions Active and fast depectinisation at low temperature, low pH, or high total pectin content Produces rapid, compact lees and improves juice quality consistently Requires lower dosage for effective results compared to standard enzymes Cinnamyl-esterase-free pectinase blend minimizes ethylphenol precursor release Lallzyme C-MAX™ is a micro-granulated pectolytic enzyme derived from Aspergillus niger, formulated for use in white and rosé wine production where settling conditions may be difficult. With high activities of pectin lyase, pectin methyl esterase, and polygalacturonase, it provides fast, efficient breakdown of pectin, even at low temperatures (as low as 8 °C / 46 °F) or low pH. Its action reduces must viscosity, speeds up clarification, and generates compact, easy-to-rack lees. Because it contains no cinnamyl esterase, Lallzyme C-MAX™ also limits the formation of ethylphenol precursors, contributing to cleaner, more varietally expressive wines. Protocol for Use: Add after pressing or directly into the settling tank. Dilute the enzyme in 10 times its weight in water or juice before use. Mix thoroughly for uniform distribution. Do not add bentonite during enzyme treatment. Clarification typically completes within 24 hours depending on temperature and juice conditions. Usage Rates: Standard conditions (>12 °C / 54 °F): 0.5–1.0 g/hL = 0.005–0.01 g/L = 0.019–0.038 g/gal Cold or high-pectin conditions (8–12 °C / 46–54 °F): 1.0–2.0 g/hL = 0.01–0.02 g/L = 0.038–0.076 g/gal Store in original sealed packaging at 5–15 °C (41–59 °F) in a dry place. Suitable for organic and vegan wine production.

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Start your fermentation right with FermStart by CellarScience®.  FermStart is a concentrated, micronutrient blend that helps yeast during the critical phase in which they transition from dried and dormant back into healthy and active.  FermStart is added to your rehydration water so that your yeast absorbs the nutrients as they absorb the water.  Rehydrating with FermStart prior to pitching your yeast also has the added benefit of allowing the yeast access to the nutrients before wild yeast in the must can uptake them.    Rehydrating with FermStart = Healthy Yeast Rehydrating your yeast is always recommended but is considered especially important at any Brix level above 14.  Rehydrating with FermStart is the gold level of hydration and helps protect your yeast against initial osmotic pressures, competition from wild yeast, and alcohol toxicity.  Proper hydration and healthy yeast have also shown to have a positive impact on flavor.     How Much? FermStart is a super concentrated formula, which is very convenient when you are rehydrating large amounts of yeast.  Use 1 gram of FermStart for every 4 grams of yeast.  We offer some suggested ranges for the amount of water to use below.     Examples: 8g yeast – Add 2g FermStart to 30-50ml of water 80g yeast – Add 20g FermStart to 300-400ml of water 500g yeast – Add 125g FermStart to 1500-2000ml of water   The Science of How it Works FermStart is rich in readily assimilable amino acids, sterols, vitamins, and natural glutathione.  Readily assimilable means that the size of the molecules present in FermStart are all extremely small and easily absorbed by the yeast cell. This is obtained by centrifuge and allows FermStart to be extremely concentrated and not contain filler.   The availability of readily assimilable amino acids allows the yeast cell to skip the step in which amino acids would be synthesized within the cell. This saved energy is instead directed into multiplication. Faster yeast cell multiplication means a faster fermentation start, allowing your yeast to out-compete wild yeast. Wild yeast have unknown flavors and fermentation behavior, so it is important to give your selected yeast the best chance to dominate the fermentation.    Sterols help the cell membrane regain and maintain elasticity helping to ensure a perfect start and continued performance throughout the fermentation. The strong cell membrane helps ensure that the yeast can survive and complete alcoholic fermentation under tough conditions.   Glutathione is a very special natural antioxidant and detoxifier made up of three amino acids – cysteine, glutamate, and glycine.  It is extremely important for maintaining intracellular health by preventing damage to cellular components during the very oxidative process of rehydration.      FermStart does not contain nitrogen which is detrimental to the yeast cell during hydration. Nitrogen can be added through the addition of FermFed or FermFed DAP free nutrients at the first signs of fermentation.  Another addition is then added at 1/3 sugar depletion to complete a total fermentation nutrient schedule.       For a full yeast nutritional plan, use FermStart when rehydrating your yeast, FermFed DAP Free at the onset of fermentation, and FermFed after 1/3 sugar depletion.  

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This product replaces our TAN130 - Tan'Cor Enological tannins offer the winemaker the possibility to add refined, highly-bindable tannin to your wine at any stage during the process. Benefits can include increased structure and mouthfeel, color stabilization, stability, anti-oxidative qualities, and overall complexity. Tannins can reduce vegetal/herbaceous characteristics and perceived astringency. We offer four types of oenolgical tannins, two for use during fermentation, and two for use during the aging phase. Aging tannins Tannin Complex is a tannin that is added post fermentation to improve the overall structure and to help protect the wine from oxidation during aging. It is composed of proanthocyanidins and ellagic tannins that integrate easily into young wines. Tannin Complex was specially developed to add structure and a soft mid palate to premium red wines without harshness or a forward oak finish. It can also enhance the varietal fruit character while adding complexity to the finish. Helps stabilize wines by improving the polyphenolic composition. It is especially useful when aging wines in older tannin-leached barrels and with full, fruity, lower tannin varietals like Syrah and Zinfandel. To Use: While racking or stirring, add Tannin Complex to the wine incrementally. Mix well to ensure homogeneity. Final addition should be made 3-6 weeks before bottling to allow for complete polymerization and settling. Use at the rate of 0.20-1.14 g/gal (5-30 g/hL) prior to aging. A rough approximate of weight is 1 tsp = 3.1 grams. We highly recommend using a scale to weigh the product for an accurate dose. We do not recommend relying on these rough conversions for accurate dosage rates.

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Lalvin DV10 is the ideal choice for winemakers dedicated to producing elegant sparkling wines and bright, crisp still whites with clean aromatics and refined structure Whether perfecting a classic Champagne, refining a crisp Chardonnay, or creating a beautifully structured sparkling wine, DV10 guarantees clarity, balance, and exceptional quality Precision, stability, and clean fermentation for premium sparkling and still wines Lalvin DV10 is a robust and versatile yeast strain, originating from the Champagne region of France. Renowned for its clean fermentation profile and high alcohol tolerance, DV10 is ideal for producing sparkling wines, Champagne, and crisp still whites. Its consistent performance under challenging conditions makes it a preferred choice for winemakers seeking reliability and clarity in their wines . Clean Fermentation Profile: Produces minimal volatile acidity and low hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), preserving pure fruit character and aromatic clarity. High Alcohol Tolerance: Effective up to 18% ABV, supporting complete fermentation in high-sugar musts. Temperature Range: Performs optimally between 50°F (10°C) and 95°F (35°C), suitable for both cold fermentations and warm climates. Attenuation Rate: Typically achieves 85–90% attenuation, ensuring a crisp, dry finish. Low SO₂ Production: Maintains bright, clean aromatics with minimal sulfite interference. High Flocculation: Settles efficiently post-fermentation, ensuring bright clarity. Applications: Sparkling Wines: Perfect for Méthode Traditionnelle, Charmat Process, and Pet-Nat styles, delivering fine bubbles and crisp aromatics. Champagne Production: Reliable under high pressure and low temperatures, producing elegant mousse and clean expression. Still Whites: Ideal for Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Pinot Grigio, preserving bright fruit and crisp acidity. High-Alcohol Fermentations: Excellent for fortified wines and late-harvest styles, with complete sugar conversion and balanced structure. Flavor Profile:  Crisp Apple & Citrus: Sharp notes of green apple, lemon zest, and grapefruit dominate the palate. Mineral Freshness: Subtle minerality that enhances clean mouthfeel and bright finish. Floral & Light Herbaceous Notes: Delicate hints of white blossom and cut grass contribute to aromatic lift. Bright, Crisp Finish: Ensures a clean, refreshing palate with high clarity and purity. Usage: Rehydration: Rehydrate in 10 times its weight of chlorine-free water at 104°F (40°C) for 15–20 minutes. Stir gently to prevent clumping. Pitch Rate: Use 1–1.5 grams per gallon (0.25–0.4 grams per liter) for optimal fermentation and flavor development. Nutrient Addition: Supplement with yeast nutrient to optimize fermentation strength, especially in high-Brix musts. Fermentation Temperature: Maintain between 50°F and 95°F to optimize ester formation and maintain aromatic clarity. Secondary Fermentation: Perfect for bottle conditioning and sparkling wine production, supporting fine bubbles and bright clarity. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Yeast and Grape Pairing Guide.

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Reduless is a new product from Lallemand that was designed to correct negative VSCs (Voltatile Sulfur Compounds) such as H2S (hydrogen sulfide, A.K.A. "rotten egg") and DMS (dimethyl sulfide, A.K.A. "cooked corn") defects in wine. Made from inactivated yeast that have been infused with copper using a proprietary process, Reduless is a much gentler H2S remedy on the wine than the traditional copper sulfate (CuSO4) treatment alone. If you have an H2S problem, then we recommend treating it with Reduless first. However, if the sulfur problem still remains after the Reduless treatment, then a bench trial with copper sulfate (CuSO4) is recommended. Note: The sooner you catch a sulfur problem the easier it is to deal with! To Use: Dissolve Reduless in 10 times it's weight in water and add immediately to the wine. Stir the wine gently to ensure a thorough homogenization. Rack or filter after 72 hours. Recommended Dosage: 0.4-0.6 g/gal. The maximum amount of copper that can be released into the wine using Reduless at the recommended dosage is 0.02 ppm.  

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Potassium Carbonate is used to lower acidity levels in wine. 3.8 grams per gallon will reduce acidity by about .1%. Potassium Carbonate requires that the fermenter be stored cold for several weeks after application (please see our guides to Cold Stabilization in the documents tab above). During the period of cold stabilization the tartaric acid drops out as potassium bitartrate. Doing a trial run with a small amount is strongly suggested to determine exactly what the drop in acidity will be. Calcium carbonate can be used in a similar manner and does not require cold stabilization. However it adversely affects flavor, takes month to precipitate out of solution, and preferentially reduces tartaric acid first before affecting malic or citric acid. A rough approximate of weight is 1 tsp = 8.3 grams. We highly recommend using a scale to weigh the product for an accurate dose. We do not recommend relying on these rough conversions for accurate dosage rates.

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Volclay KWK Krystal Klear Bentonite is a clay-like mineral with a negative charge that, similar to Sparkolloid, removes positively charged particles. It is most effective when the wine is at a warmer temperature, so we recommend using it for fining in late spring or early summer. It also works better at lower pH levels because proteins have a stronger positive charge in more acidic conditions.  Generic Low-Level Fining for 5 Gallons: Blend 1/2 tsp (about 3g) of bentonite with 1/2 cup of hot water (140 to 200°F) in a blender for 1-2 minutes. Let the mixture sit for 60 minutes, then stir it well before adding it to the wine. Allow the wine to stand for 10-14 days before racking off. This method achieves a fining rate of 0.16g/L. Generic Mid-Level Fining: Follow the same steps as above but use 9 grams of bentonite and 3/4 cup of hot water. This method achieves a fining rate of 0.5g/L. More Scientific Approach: You can create a 5% bentonite stock solution and run bench trials to determine the lowest effective concentration for clearing the wine. Since fining is non-selective, it removes both undesirable particles like yeast and some desirable phenolic compounds. Therefore, it's best to use the lowest effective concentration. To make a 5% solution, dissolve 50 grams of bentonite in 850ml of hot water, mix thoroughly, and top up with water to a final volume of 1L. Set up trials with clear jars of equal volume, adding varying amounts of the solution to achieve addition rates between 0.3g/L and 2.0g/L. You’ll need to do some calculations to determine the right amount for your needs. Let the trials clear overnight. For more detailed technical information, consult BK653 - Monitoring the Winemaking Process from Grapes to Wine - Techniques & Concepts. Fining with Wine Kits: When using a wine kit made from concentrate, bentonite is typically added on the first day for a few reasons. It serves as a nucleation site for CO2 removal. The CO2 movement helps distribute the bentonite throughout the wine, allowing you to use less and achieve effective fining in a shorter time.  

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Lalvin K1 (V1116) is the perfect choice for winemakers aiming to craft fresh, aromatic white wines and vibrant fruit-based fermentations Whether perfecting a crisp Chenin Blanc, crafting a sparkling wine, or fermenting a bright fruit wine, K1 (V1116) delivers unmatched clarity, brightness, and aromatic intensity in every batch Enhance freshness and aromatic intensity in white wines and fruit fermentations Lalvin K1 (V1116) is a robust and versatile wine yeast strain, selected by the Institut Coopératif du Vin (ICV) in Montpellier, France. Renowned for its strong fermentation kinetics and high ester production, K1 (V1116) is ideal for crafting crisp white wines, sparkling wines, and fruit-based fermentations. Its resilience under challenging conditions makes it a reliable choice for both professional and home winemakers. High Ester Production: Enhances floral and fruity aromas, including notes of apple, citrus, and tropical fruits. Cold Fermentation Tolerance: Performs well at low temperatures, preserving delicate aromatics. Alcohol Tolerance: Effective up to 18% ABV, allowing for complete fermentation in high-sugar musts. Fermentation Range: Operates optimally between 50°F (10°C) and 95°F (35°C), providing flexibility across various wine styles. Low Nutrient Requirements: Thrives in musts with low nutrient content, reducing the need for supplementation. Low H₂S and SO₂ Production: Ensures clean fermentations with minimal off-flavors. Applications: White Wines: Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin Blanc, Riesling, and Pinot Grigio, where bright fruit and floral characteristics are desired. Sparkling Wines: Suitable for traditional method and Charmat process, promoting fine bubbles and crisp acidity. Fruit Wines: Enhances the natural fruit expression in apple, pear, peach, and berry wines. Mead and Cider: Promotes clean, crisp fermentations with bright aromatics. Flavor Profile:  Bright Citrus & Apple: Sharp notes of green apple, lemon zest, and lime. Tropical Fruit Hints: Subtle expressions of pineapple and passion fruit. Floral Undertones: Light notes of honeysuckle and orange blossom contribute to aromatic lift. Clean, Crisp Finish: Maintains a fresh, pure expression of fruit with minimal sulfur notes. Usage: Rehydration: Rehydrate in 10 times its weight of chlorine-free water at 95°F (35°C) for 15–20 minutes. Stir gently to avoid clumping. Pitch Rate: Use 1–1.5 grams per gallon (0.25–0.4 grams per liter) for optimal fermentation and flavor development. Nutrient Addition: While K1 (V1116) has low nutrient requirements, supplementation is recommended in low-nitrogen musts to prevent sluggish fermentation. Fermentation Temperature: Maintain between 50°F and 95°F to optimize ester formation and maintain clarity. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Yeast and Grape Pairing Guide.

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Selected and adapted especially for direct inoculation of rose and white wines Strong fermenter under harsh white wine conditions Direct inoculation, freeze-dried bacteria – does not require rehydration High numbers of active cells which ensure a quick start of fermentation Good for 66 gallons Viniflora CH35 is a freeze-dried culture of Oenococcus oeni. This malolactic bacteria has been selected and adapted especially for direct inoculation of rose and white wines. Viniflora CH35 has been selected for its outstanding performance in malolactic fermentation of difficult white wines. This strain is the perfect match for rose and white wines but can also be used with success in red wines. Application: Viniflora CH35 should be added to dry wine, right after the alcoholic fermentation. No rehydration or reactivation is required. For more information about ML Bacteria, please see MoreWine!'s Guide to Malolactic Fermentation. Characteristics: Outstanding tolerance to low pH and elevated levels of SO2 (down to pH 3.0 and up to 50ppm!) Strong fermenter under harsh white wine conditions Clean and fruity flavor profile No production of biogenic amines High inoculation level encourages a completed malolactic fermentation 14% alcohol tolerance Key Features: Recommended for white wines Direct inoculation, freeze-dried bacteria – does not require rehydration High numbers of active cells which ensure a quick start of fermentation This strain is pH tolerant to 3.0, Total SO2 to 45 ppm (white wines), temperature 59 – 77 ͦF and alcohol to 14% (v/v) Low level of volatile acidity Cinnamoyl Esterase Negative

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Clos is a yeast strain isolated from the Priorat region of Spain. Clos was chosen for its ability to re-enforce structure while emphasizing aromatic complexity and mouthfeel. Sweet red fruit (cherry), with pepper and chocolate notes are typical of what Clos brings to a fermentation. With hot climate/high Brix fruit, Clos is a great choice for its high alcohol tolerance (17%), low Nitrogen needs and short lag phase. Clos also does well with higher fermentation temperatures (max 95 F) and shows a good compatibility with MLF. Highly recommended for Syrah, Petite Syrah, Grenache, Tempranillo and Carignane. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Manual on re-hydrating wine yeast. Click here for a PDF of the MoreWine Yeast and Grape Pairing Guide.

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Feed your fermentation with FermFed DAP Free by CellarScience®. The 100% natural formulation of FermFed DAP Free is derived from the autolysis of very specific yeast strains naturally high in free amino acids, sterols, mannoproteins, zinc, magnesium, and niacin, along with vitamins B1, B2, B5, B6, and B12 for a complete yeast health regimen.  As the name suggests, this unique formulation does not contain the traditional inorganic diammonium phosphate, but does provide organically derived nitrogen. How Much Do I Add and When? The recommendation that covers most fermentations is to add 1.5 gram per gallon of FermFed DAP Free at the onset of fermentation and then add 1 gram per gallon of FermFed after 1/3 sugar depletion. Mix the nutrients in a small slurry of water and add to the fermentation.  Read more below if you are interested in measuring YAN (Yeast Available Nitrogen) and adjusting your nutrient schedule accordingly.   The Science of How it Works The different components of FermFed DAP Free work in different ways to feed and protect your yeast.   The complex and organic nitrogen in FermFed DAP Free helps eliminate excessive yeast growth in the initial phases, reducing fermentation heat spikes at the start of fermentation. Included sterols make the yeast membrane more resistant to alcohol and to high temperatures.  The collection of B-vitamins along with zinc and magnesium are essential for enzymatic activity, alcohol tolerance, and yeast health.  Mannoproteins help avoid the aromatic stripping during the fermentation by binding esters and terpenes and not allowing them to be driven off by CO2.  The included yeast hull components act as receptors to bind up fatty acids that can accumulate and cause stuck fermentations. Advanced - Adjusting Your Nutrient Schedule Based on YAN (Yeast Available Nitrogen) In addition to the nutrients provided by FermFed or FermFed DAP Free, yeast need a certain level of nitrogen to perform adequately. If deprived of nitrogen, yeast are more likely to produce off flavors, most notably hydrogen sulfide. When added at the rate of 1 gram per gallon, FermFed provides 38ppm of YAN while FermFed DAP Free adds 20ppm when added at the rate of 1.5 gram per gallon.    How much YAN do you need? Acceptable levels range from 175 to 300ppm.  YAN levels in grapes vary, with grapes from warmer climates often having less. The best practice is to measure your grapes using a commercial wine lab or the Vinmetrica YAN Test Kit along with a Vinmetrica Meter. If you know your YAN the following is a good general guide: 175ppm or above = FermFed DAP Free @ onset + FermFed DAP Free @ 1/3 completion (adds 40ppm YAN) 150ppm or above = FermFed DAP Free @ onset + FermFed @ 1/3 completion (adds 58ppm YAN) 125ppm or above = FermFed @ onset + FermFed @ 1/3 completion (adds 72ppm YAN) Below 125ppm = FermFed @ onset + FermFed @ 1/3 completion + extra DAP    For a full yeast nutritional plan, use FermStart when rehydrating your yeast, use FermFed DAP Free at the onset of fermentation, and use FermFed after 1/3 sugar depletion.  

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